Hexagram Analysis

I Ching Hexagram 21 : 噬嗑 Shih Ho / Biting Through

The hexagram depicted here shows an obstructed open mouth, with a blockage between the teeth preventing the lips from meeting. To overcome this obstacle, one must bite down with force and determination. This hexagram is composed of the trigrams for thunder and lightning, symbolizing the powerful forces of nature that can overcome any obstruction. Just as biting through the obstacle allows the lips to meet, a thunderstorm can dispel the tension in nature. Similarly, the use of law and penalties can restore harmony in society by dealing with criminals and slanderers. This hexagram pertains to criminal lawsuits, in contrast to the civil suits of the Sung hexagram.

The Judgment

Success can be achieved by energetically overcoming obstacles to unity. Such obstacles are often caused by those who spread rumors and betray trust. To prevent lasting harm, swift and decisive action is necessary. However, it is important to approach the situation with a balance of clarity and excitement, rather than resorting to excessive force or passivity. The person in charge should be both gentle and respected.

The Image

Individual applications of the law are known as penalties, which are specified by the laws themselves. The differentiation between mild and severe penalties, based on the nature of the crimes, brings clarity to the legal system, much like a well-lit room. A just application of penalties strengthens the law, much like the terror of thunder. This combination of clarity and severity instills respect for the law, rather than fear of the penalties themselves. When penal codes lack clarity and enforcement is lax, social obstructions increase. The only way to strengthen the law is to ensure clarity and certainty in penalties, with swift execution.